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- <text id=94TT1322>
- <title>
- Oct. 03, 1994: Medicine:What Triggers Diabetes?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Oct. 03, 1994 Blinksmanship
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 69
- What Triggers Diabetes?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Compelling new evidence suggests a viral infection could be
- the culprit
- </p>
- <p> Scientists have plenty of evidence that people who develop the
- most severe form of diabetes harbor a genetic predisposition
- for the disease. But so far, they have not been able to pinpoint
- what triggers the deadly illness, in which the body's immune
- system destroys vital insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.
- One longstanding hypothesis got a big boost last week when researchers
- at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh announced they had discovered
- compelling evidence that a virus is involved in Type I, or what
- used to be called juvenile diabetes. In their view, a viral
- infection causes the immune system to overreact and attack the
- pancreas. If confirmed, the finding could eventually lead to
- a vaccine for people with a family history of diabetes.
- </p>
- <p> The investigation grew out of unusually tragic circumstances.
- On two separate occasions, Dr. Massimo Trucco learned about
- a teenager who had died within a few weeks of developing diabetes.
- Trucco asked the parents for permission to perform autopsies,
- which showed direct evidence of an infection in the pancreas.
- More to the point, Trucco and colleagues found that the microscopic
- intruder had triggered an overwhelming immune response much
- greater than what was needed to subdue the virus. Unfortunately,
- the pancreas is particularly vulnerable to such an assault,
- and much of the tissue that produces insulin--a hormone enabling
- cells to use sugar--had been destroyed.
- </p>
- <p> In effect, Dr. Trucco and his colleagues had caught both the
- virus and the immune system in their acts of destruction. Had
- the two patients lived longer, the infection would have subsided--leaving only damaged tissue as an indirect clue that something
- had gone wrong.
- </p>
- <p> Much work remains before people can benefit from these findings.
- Researchers have not yet identified the infectious culprit,
- nor do they know whether the virus is responsible for all Type
- I diabetes or just for a few unusual cases. But if the Pittsburgh
- researchers are right, and a vaccine can be developed, the disease
- could go the way of polio and other childhood scourges conquered
- by medicine.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-